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81.
Jay Mitchell Eric A. DeVuyst Marc L. Bauer Daniel L. Larson 《Agricultural Economics》2009,40(1):113-118
Profitability of cow-calf production is determined largely by market prices, calf weaning weights, and cow productive life. While producers individually have no effect on prices, weaning weights and productive life have genetic influences and hence can be altered by selection programs implemented by producers. We investigate the impact of a mutation in the leptin gene (exon 2; single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] 305) on cow-calf profitability. Prior research shows that this mutation has effects on performance and traits of fed cattle and milk production in dairy cows. Using data from a teaching-research herd, we find that it is also associated with calf weaning weights and cow productive life. A bio-economic stochastic simulation demonstrates that the mutation has statistically positive impacts on profits, suggesting that producers can profitably make use of this information. 相似文献
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84.
The differential futures of ski tourism in Ontario (Canada) under climate change: the limits of snowmaking adaptation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The international ski tourism industry is highly vulnerable to inter-annual climate variability and climate change. Accordingly, there is a strong need to advance our understanding of climate risk for this multi-billion tourism market that is so important to mountain regions around the world. This study addressed major limitations in the ski tourism literature, while concurrently supporting priority information needs of ski tourism stakeholders. An improved version of SkiSim 2.0 is applied to all 34 alpine ski areas in southern Ontario (Canada) to examine potential changes in the capacity of this regional marketplace. Model improvements include differential snowmaking capacities of individual ski areas, updated snowmaking decision rules, as well as a new indicator, termed ‘terrain-days’, to estimate changes in system capacity. The results project two fundamentally different futures for this ski tourism marketplace under climate change. If the international community succeeds in achieving the?+?2°C Paris Agreement policy goal, then losses in system capacity can be limited to less than 10% in the mid- and late-century. In contrast, a high-end emission scenario (RCP 8.5) would severely disrupt this ski tourism market by mid-century, with system capacity losses between 28% and 73%. 相似文献
85.
This paper deals with the support of strategically oriented financial planning processes in business firms. In handling a financial planning problem, the decision maker has to deal with a number of complications. In this paper special attention is paid to the risk with regard to the outcomes of the financial plan and the existence of multiple, conflicting goals. An interactive approach to financial planning is presented. Risk is modeled by means of so-called multi-factor risk models and multiple goals are explicitly accounted for through the use of an interactive goal programming method. The use of the interactive approach will be numerically demonstrated by means of an exemplary planning problem. 相似文献
86.
With the economy showing signs of recovery, companies are shifting their focus from liquidity and balance sheet concerns back towards capital allocation and value creation. This article provides a comprehensive framework to examine shareholder value creation through capital allocation, and discusses important capital allocation lessons that have re‐emerged over the last few years. Notable among the key lessons are the following:
- ? Growth alone does not guarantee value creation, which suggests that companies should allocate capital based on the economic value of each investment opportunity.
- ? The limits of diversification in a financial crisis should be considered when allocating capital and managing liquidity.
- ? Companies should be conservative with base‐case cash flow projections and incorporate the possibility of downside scenarios into their projections.
- ? It is important to incorporate all forms of capital when managing liquidity.
- ? Whether using a long‐term or current‐market approach, companies should be consistent throughout the cycle in their cost of capital methodology.
- ? Companies should continually rethink investments and allocate capital in an attempt to maintain a competitive advantage.
- ? Evaluate returns relative to risk and cost of capital, and not against the company's average ROIC.
- ? Comparing the IRR of share repurchases to new investments is not an apples‐to‐apples comparison.
87.
This article deals with goal programming as an aid to resolving transportation problems. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of goal programming as an approach to reducing total cost in transportation problems that possess variable supply and demand requirements. A generalized goal programming model is formulated and applied to a series of transportation problem situations based on the empirical data provided by a medium-size trucking firm. Comparison of the results demonstrates the cost advantage of using the goal programming model in place of the transportation method and integer interval linear programming. 相似文献
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Using a stylized oligopoly model, we analyze the effect of cartel deterring fines, taking into consideration exemptions granted to cartel members cooperating with the competition authorities. We conclude that the fines can act as a deterrent to breaking collusive agreements, thus stabilizing the cartel. 相似文献
90.
Raouf Boucekkine Marc Germain Omar Licandro Alphonse Magnus 《Journal of Economic Growth》1998,3(4):361-384
In this article, a new numerical procedure is used to compute the equilibrium of a vintage capital growth model with nonlinear utility, where the scrapping time is nonconstant. We show that equilibrium investment and output converge nonmonotonically to the balanced growth path due to replacement echoes. We find that the average age of capital is inversely related to output, which is consistent with recent micro evidence reinforcing the importance of the embodied question. We also find that an unanticipated permanent increase in the rate of embodied technological progress causes labor productivity to slowdown in the short run. 相似文献